Expected behaviour Faster response loading time Actual behaviour Network connection load response time is well above 1min in most cases Information Diagnostic ID: 8527377B-F84E-4E32-8661-0A677D5A24DF Docker for Mac: 1.12.0-a (Build 11213.
The information in this section explains configuring container networks within the Docker default bridge. This is a
bridge
network named bridge
createdautomatically when you install Docker.Note: The Docker networks feature allows you to create user-defined networks in addition to the default bridge network.
- Normally network namespaces are defined in /var/run/netns which is where the command to view them (ip netns list) looks for them. Unfortunately as you can see, Docker stores them in a separate place (/var/run/docker/netns).
- Description When some containers are started concurrently, the container's netns fd may leaks into the docker-proxy process of other containers. This will cause the container netns to not clean up successfully after the container stops.
- The Docker Weekly is a email newsletter with the latest content on Docker and the event agenda for the upcoming weeks. Meet the Captains Select members of the community that are both experts in their field and are passionate about sharing their Docker knowledge with others.
- Mac@ubuntu:$ sudo ip netns exec ns1 ifconfig veth1 192.168.72.3/24 up # 测试,从 ns1 中能够 ping 通 veth0,则表示配置成功 mac@ubuntu:$ sudo ip netns exec ns1 ping 192.168.72.2.
While Docker is under active development and continues to tweak and improve its network configuration logic, the shell commands in this section are rough equivalents to the steps that Docker takes when configuring networking for each new container.
Review some basics
To communicate using the Internet Protocol (IP), a machine needs access to at least one network interface at which packets can be sent and received, and a routing table that defines the range of IP addresses reachable through that interface. Network interfaces do not have to be physical devices. In fact, the
lo
loopback interface available on every Linux machine (and inside each Docker container) is entirely virtual – the Linux kernel simply copies loopback packets directly from the sender’s memory into the receiver’s memory.Docker uses special virtual interfaces to let containers communicate with the host machine – pairs of virtual interfaces called “peers” that are linked inside of the host machine’s kernel so that packets can travel between them. They are simple to create, as we will see in a moment.
The steps with which Docker configures a container are:
- Create a pair of peer virtual interfaces.
- Give one of them a unique name like
veth65f9
, keep it inside of the main Docker host, and bind it todocker0
or whatever bridge Docker is supposed to be using. - Toss the other interface over the wall into the new container (which will already have been provided with an
lo
interface) and rename it to the much prettier nameeth0
since, inside of the container’s separate and unique network interface namespace, there are no physical interfaces with which this name could collide. - Set the interface’s MAC address according to the
--mac-address
parameter or generate a random one. - Give the container’s
eth0
a new IP address from within the bridge’s range of network addresses. The default route is set to the IP address passed to the Docker daemon using the--default-gateway
option if specified, otherwise to the IP address that the Docker host owns on the bridge. The MAC address is generated from the IP address unless otherwise specified. This prevents ARP cache invalidation problems, when a new container comes up with an IP used in the past by another container with another MAC.
With these steps complete, the container now possesses an
eth0
(virtual) network card and will find itself able to communicate with other containers and the rest of the Internet.You can opt out of the above process for a particular container by giving the
--net=
option to docker run
, which takes these possible values.--net=bridge
– The default action, that connects the container to the Docker bridge as described above.--net=host
– Tells Docker to skip placing the container inside of a separate network stack. In essence, this choice tells Docker to not containerize the container’s networking! While container processes will still be confined to their own filesystem and process list and resource limits, a quickip addr
command will show you that, network-wise, they live “outside” in the main Docker host and have full access to its network interfaces. Note that this does not let the container reconfigure the host network stack – that would require--privileged=true
– but it does let container processes open low-numbered ports like any other root process. It also allows the container to access local network services like D-bus. This can lead to processes in the container being able to do unexpected things like restart your computer. You should use this option with caution.--net=container:NAME_or_ID
– Tells Docker to put this container’s processes inside of the network stack that has already been created inside of another container. The new container’s processes will be confined to their own filesystem and process list and resource limits, but will share the same IP address and port numbers as the first container, and processes on the two containers will be able to connect to each other over the loopback interface.--net=none
– Tells Docker to put the container inside of its own network stack but not to take any steps to configure its network, leaving you free to build any of the custom configurations explored in the last few sections of this document.--net=<network-name>|<network-id>
– Tells Docker to connect the container to a user-defined network.
Manually network
To get an idea of the steps that are necessary if you use
--net=none
as described in that last bullet point, here are the commands that you would run to reach roughly the same configuration as if you had let Docker do all of the configuration:At this point your container should be able to perform networking operations as usual.
When you finally exit the shell and Docker cleans up the container, the network namespace is destroyed along with our virtual
eth0
– whose destruction in turn destroys interface A
out in the Docker host and automatically un-registers it from the docker0
bridge. So everything gets cleaned up without our having to run any extra commands! Well, almost everything:Also note that while the script above used modern
ip
command instead of old deprecated wrappers like ipconfig
and route
, these older commands would also have worked inside of our container. The ip addr
command can be typed as ip a
if you are in a hurry.Finally, note the importance of the
ip netns exec
command, which let us reach inside and configure a network namespace as root. The same commands would not have worked if run inside of the container, because part of safe containerization is that Docker strips container processes of the right to configure their own networks. Using ip netns exec
is what let us finish up the configuration without having to take the dangerous step of running the container itself with --privileged=true
.Estimated reading time: 16 minutes
Nets Docker For Mac Installer
Welcome to Docker Desktop! The Docker Desktop for Mac user manual provides information on how to configure and manage your Docker Desktop settings.
For information about Docker Desktop download, system requirements, and installation instructions, see Install Docker Desktop.
Preferences
The Docker Preferences menu allows you to configure your Docker settings such as installation, updates, version channels, Docker Hub login,and more.
Choose the Docker menu > Preferences from themenu bar and configure the runtime options described below.
General
On the General tab, you can configure when to start and update Docker:
- Start Docker Desktop when you log in: Automatically starts Docker Desktop when you open your session.
- Include VM in Time Machine backups: Select this option to back up the Docker Desktop virtual machine. This option is disabled by default.
- Securely store Docker logins in macOS keychain: Docker Desktop stores your Docker login credentials in macOS keychain by default.
- Send usage statistics: Docker Desktop sends diagnostics, crash reports, and usage data. This information helps Docker improve and troubleshoot the application. Clear the check box to opt out.
Resources
The Resources tab allows you to configure CPU, memory, disk, proxies, network, and other resources.
Advanced
On the Advanced tab, you can limit resources available to Docker.
Advanced settings are:
CPUs: By default, Docker Desktop is set to use half the number of processorsavailable on the host machine. To increase processing power, set this to ahigher number; to decrease, lower the number.
Memory: By default, Docker Desktop is set to use
2
GB runtime memory,allocated from the total available memory on your Mac. To increase the RAM, set this to a higher number. To decrease it, lower the number.Swap: Configure swap file size as needed. The default is 1 GB.
Disk image size: Specify the size of the disk image.
Disk image location: Specify the location of the Linux volume where containers and images are stored.
You can also move the disk image to a different location. If you attempt to move a disk image to a location that already has one, you get a prompt asking if you want to use the existing image or replace it.
File sharing
Use File sharing to allow local directories on the Mac to be shared with Linux containers.This is especially useful forediting source code in an IDE on the host while running and testing the code in a container.By default the
/Users
, /Volume
, /private
, /tmp
and /var/folders
directory are shared. If your project is outside this directory then it must be addedto the list. Otherwise you may get Mounts denied
or cannot start service
errors at runtime.File share settings are:
- Add a Directory: Click
+
and navigate to the directory you want to add. - Apply & Restart makes the directory available to containers using Docker’sbind mount (
-v
) feature.
Tips on shared folders, permissions, and volume mounts
- Shared folders are designed to allow application code to be edited on the host while being executed in containers. For non-code items such as cache directories or databases, the performance will be much better if they are stored in the Linux VM, using a data volume (named volume) or data container.
- By default, Mac file systems are case-insensitive while Linux is case-sensitive. On Linux, it is possible to create 2 separate files:
test
andTest
, while on Mac these filenames would actually refer to the same underlying file. This can lead to problems where an app works correctly on a Mac (where the file contents are shared) but fails when run in Linux in production (where the file contents are distinct). To avoid this, Docker Desktop insists that all shared files are accessed as their original case. Therefore, if a file is created calledtest
, it must be opened astest
. Attempts to openTest
will fail with the errorNo such file or directory
. Similarly, once a file calledtest
is created, attempts to create a second file calledTest
will fail. For more information, see Volume mounting requires file sharing for any project directories outside of/Users
.)
Proxies
Docker Desktop detects HTTP/HTTPS Proxy Settings from macOS and automaticallypropagates these to Docker. For example, if you set yourproxy settings to
http://proxy.example.com
, Docker uses this proxy whenpulling containers.Your proxy settings, however, will not be propagated into the containers you start.If you wish to set the proxy settings for your containers, you need to defineenvironment variables for them, just like you would do on Linux, for example:
For more information on setting environment variables for running containers,see Set environment variables.
Network
You can configure Docker Desktop networking to work on a virtual private network (VPN). Specify a network address translation (NAT) prefix and subnet mask to enable Internet connectivity.
Docker Engine
The Docker Engine page allows you to configure the Docker daemon to determine how your containers run.
Type a JSON configuration file in the box to configure the daemon settings. For a full list of options, see the Docker Enginedockerd commandline reference.
Click Apply & Restart to save your settings and restart Docker Desktop.
Command Line
On the Command Line page, you can specify whether or not to enable experimental features.
Experimental features provide early access to future product functionality.These features are intended for testing and feedback only as they may changebetween releases without warning or can be removed entirely from a futurerelease. Experimental features must not be used in production environments.Docker does not offer support for experimental features.
To enable experimental features in the Docker CLI, edit the
config.json
file and set experimental
to enabled.To enable experimental features from the Docker Desktop menu, clickSettings (Preferences on macOS) > Command Line and then turn onthe Enable experimental features toggle. Click Apply & Restart.
For a list of current experimental features in the Docker CLI, see Docker CLI Experimental features.
You can toggle the experimental features on and off in Docker Desktop. If you toggle the experimental features off, Docker Desktop uses the current generally available release of Docker Engine.
You can see whether you are running experimental mode at the command line. If
Experimental
is true
, then Docker is running in experimental mode, as shownhere. (If false
, Experimental mode is off.)Kubernetes
Docker Desktop includes a standalone Kubernetes server that runs on your Mac, sothat you can test deploying your Docker workloads on Kubernetes.
The Kubernetes client command,
kubectl
, is included and configured to connectto the local Kubernetes server. If you have kubectl
already installed andpointing to some other environment, such as minikube
or a GKE cluster, be sureto change context so that kubectl
is pointing to docker-desktop
:If you installed
kubectl
with Homebrew, or by some other method, andexperience conflicts, remove /usr/local/bin/kubectl
.- To enable Kubernetes support and install a standalone instance of Kubernetesrunning as a Docker container, select Enable Kubernetes. To set Kubernetes as thedefault orchestrator, select Deploy Docker Stacks to Kubernetes by default.Click Apply & Restart to save the settings. This instantiates images required to run the Kubernetes server as containers, and installs the
/usr/local/bin/kubectl
command on your Mac.When Kubernetes is enabled and running, an additional status bar item displaysat the bottom right of the Docker Desktop Settings dialog.The status of Kubernetes shows in the Docker menu and the context points todocker-desktop
. - By default, Kubernetes containers are hidden from commands like
dockerservice ls
, because managing them manually is not supported. To make themvisible, select Show system containers (advanced) and click Apply andRestart. Most users do not need this option. - To disable Kubernetes support at any time, clear the Enable Kubernetes check box. TheKubernetes containers are stopped and removed, and the
/usr/local/bin/kubectl
command is removed.For more about using the Kubernetes integration with Docker Desktop, seeDeploy on Kubernetes.
Reset
Reset and Restart options
On Docker Desktop Mac, the Restart Docker Desktop, Reset to factory defaults, and other reset options are available from the Troubleshoot menu.
For information about the reset options, see Logs and Troubleshooting.
Dashboard
The Docker Desktop Dashboard enables you to interact with containers and applications and manage the lifecycle of your applications directly from your machine. The Dashboard UI shows all running, stopped, and started containers with their state. It provides an intuitive interface to perform common actions to inspect and manage containers and existing Docker Compose applications. For more information, see Docker Desktop Dashboard.
Add TLS certificates
You can add trusted Certificate Authorities (CAs) (used to verify registryserver certificates) and client certificates (used to authenticate toregistries) to your Docker daemon.
Add custom CA certificates (server side)
All trusted CAs (root or intermediate) are supported. Docker Desktop creates acertificate bundle of all user-trusted CAs based on the Mac Keychain, andappends it to Moby trusted certificates. So if an enterprise SSL certificate istrusted by the user on the host, it is trusted by Docker Desktop.
To manually add a custom, self-signed certificate, start by adding thecertificate to the macOS keychain, which is picked up by Docker Desktop. Here isan example:
Nets Docker For Mac Catalina
Or, if you prefer to add the certificate to your own local keychain only (ratherthan for all users), run this command instead:
See also, Directory structures forcertificates.
Note: You need to restart Docker Desktop after making any changes to thekeychain or to the
~/.docker/certs.d
directory in order for the changes totake effect.For a complete explanation of how to do this, see the blog post AddingSelf-signed Registry Certs to Docker & Docker Desktop forMac.
Add client certificates
You can put your client certificates in
~/.docker/certs.d/<MyRegistry>:<Port>/client.cert
and~/.docker/certs.d/<MyRegistry>:<Port>/client.key
.When the Docker Desktop application starts, it copies the
~/.docker/certs.d
folder on your Mac to the /etc/docker/certs.d
directory on Moby (the DockerDesktop xhyve
virtual machine).- You need to restart Docker Desktop after making any changes to the keychainor to the
~/.docker/certs.d
directory in order for the changes to takeeffect. - The registry cannot be listed as an insecure registry (see DockerEngine. Docker Desktop ignores certificates listedunder insecure registries, and does not send client certificates. Commandslike
docker run
that attempt to pull from the registry produce errormessages on the command line, as well as on the registry.
Directory structures for certificates
If you have this directory structure, you do not need to manually add the CAcertificate to your Mac OS system login:
The following further illustrates and explains a configuration with customcertificates:
You can also have this directory structure, as long as the CA certificate isalso in your keychain.
To learn more about how to install a CA root certificate for the registry andhow to set the client TLS certificate for verification, seeVerify repository client with certificatesin the Docker Engine topics.
Install shell completion
Docker Desktop comes with scripts to enable completion for the
docker
and docker-compose
commands. The completion scripts may befound inside Docker.app
, in the Contents/Resources/etc/
directory and can beinstalled both in Bash and Zsh.Bash
Bash has built-in support forcompletion To activate completion for Docker commands, these files need to becopied or symlinked to your
bash_completion.d/
directory. For example, if youinstalled bash via Homebrew:Add the following to your
~/.bash_profile
:OR
Zsh
In Zsh, the completionsystemtakes care of things. To activate completion for Docker commands,these files need to be copied or symlinked to your Zsh
site-functions/
directory. For example, if you installed Zsh via Homebrew:Fish-Shell
Fish-shell also supports tab completion completionsystem. To activate completion for Docker commands,these files need to be copied or symlinked to your Fish-shell
completions/
directory.Create the
completions
directory:Now add fish completions from docker.
Give feedback and get help
To get help from the community, review current user topics, join or start adiscussion, log on to our Docker Desktop for Macforum.
To report bugs or problems, log on to Docker Desktop for Mac issues onGitHub,where you can review community reported issues, and file new ones. SeeLogs and Troubleshooting for more details.
Nets Docker For Mac Download
For information about providing feedback on the documentation or update it yourself, see Contribute to documentation.
Docker Hub
Select Sign in /Create Docker ID from the Docker Desktop menu to access your Docker Hub account. Once logged in, you can access your Docker Hub repositories and organizations directly from the Docker Desktop menu.
For more information, refer to the following Docker Hub topics:
Two-factor authentication
Docker Desktop enables you to sign into Docker Hub using two-factor authentication. Two-factor authentication provides an extra layer of security when accessing your Docker Hub account.
![Mac Mac](/uploads/1/2/5/8/125850529/573036597.png)
You must enable two-factor authentication in Docker Hub before signing into your Docker Hub account through Docker Desktop. For instructions, see Enable two-factor authentication for Docker Hub.
Nets Docker For Mac Os
After you have enabled two-factor authentication:
- Go to the Docker Desktop menu and then select Sign in / Create Docker ID.
- Enter your Docker ID and password and click Sign in.
- After you have successfully signed in, Docker Desktop prompts you to enter the authentication code. Enter the six-digit code from your phone and then click Verify.
After you have successfully authenticated, you can access your organizations and repositories directly from the Docker Desktop menu.
![Nets docker for mac download Nets docker for mac download](https://image-1251900790.cos.ap-chengdu.myqcloud.com/image/docker_mul_net_27.png)
Where to go next
- Try out the walkthrough at Get Started.
- Dig in deeper with Docker Labs examplewalkthroughs and source code.
- For a summary of Docker command line interface (CLI) commands, seeDocker CLI Reference Guide.
- Check out the blog post, What’s New in Docker 17.06 Community Edition(CE).